Stress & Strain: Material Strength

Stress and Strain

Today we spent our time discussing material strength – an important property in building materials if you want to make something that is able to withstand an earthquake! After a brief discussion of the various ways to stress a material and what kids of strain can be created, the students experimented by bending paperclips, stretching rubber bands, and examining the light patterns in plastics as seen through polarizing films.  We even tested the strength of a piece of raw linquine by adding weights to it under different forms of stress! 

We learned that the strength of a material comes from its molecular structure. Students can explain how small tears or defects in a material caused by stress or force lead to eventual breakage or material failure.  Ask your students how to prevent a balloon from popping when poked with a skewer and then to explain it as well! We also learned that introducing small flaws or impurities into a material’s crystal structure can actually strengthen the material, a fact blacksmiths have been exploiting for millennia.

 

Esfuerzo y deformación

Hoy discutimos sobre la resistencia de los materiales; una característica muy importante, en particular en los materiales de construcción si es que deseamos construir algo que sea capaz de soportar un terremoto. Después de una breve discusión sobre las variadas formas de esforzar y deformar materiales, los estudiantes experimentaron al doblar clips de papel, estirar bandas elásticas y examinar los patrones de luz que se generan al mirar el plástico a través de filtros polarizantes.

Aprendimos que la resistencia de un material proviene de su estructura molecular. Por ejemplo, los estudiantes son capaces de explicar por qué el grafito es blando y el diamante es duro, a pesar que ambos están compuestos por átomos de carbono. También aprendimos que al introducir pequeños defectos o impurezas en la estructura cristalina de un material, podemos aumentar la resistencia de éste.  Esta técnica ha sido ampliamente utilizada por los herreros desde la antigüedad.

 

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